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Research Containing: algal

Characterisation of Growth and Ultrastructural Effects of the Xanthoria elegans Photobiont After 1.5 Years of Space Exposure on the International Space Station

by cfynanon 22 August 2016in Biology & Biotechnology, Earth Science and Remote Sensing No comment

The lichen Xanthoria elegans has been exposed to space and simulated Mars-analogue environment in the Lichen and Fungi Experiment (LIFE) on the EXPOSE-E facility at the International Space Station (ISS). This long-term exposure of 559 days tested the ability of various organisms to cope with either low earth orbit (LEO) or Mars-analogue conditions, such as vacuum, Mars-analogue atmosphere, rapid temperature cycling, cosmic radiation of up to 215 +/- 16 mGy, and insolation of accumulated doses up to 4.87 GJm(-2), including up to 0.314 GJm(-2) of UV irradiation. In a previous study, X. elegans demonstrated considerable resistance towards these conditions by means of photosynthetic activity as well as by post-exposure metabolic activity of 50-80 % in the algal and 60-90 % in the fungal symbiont (Brandt et al. Int J Astrobiol 14(3):411-425, 2015). The two objectives of the present study were complementary: First, to verify the high post-exposure viability by using a qualitative cultivation assay. Second, to characterise the cellular damages by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which were caused by the space and Mars-analogue exposure conditions of LIFE. Since the algal symbiont of lichens is considered as the more susceptible partner (de Vera and Ott 2010), the analyses focused on the photobiont. The study demonstrated growth and proliferation of the isolated photobiont after all exposure conditions of LIFE. The ultrastructural analysis of the algal cells provided an insight to cellular damages caused by long-term exposure and highlighted that desiccation-induced breakdown of cellular integrity is more pronounced under the more severe space vacuum than under Mars-analogue atmospheric conditions. In conclusion, desiccation-induced damages were identified as a major threat to the photobiont of X. elegans. Nonetheless, a fraction of the photobiont cells remained cultivable after all exposure conditions tested in LIFE.

Related URLs:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26526425

Hourly turbidity monitoring using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager fluorescence bands

by cfynanon 22 August 2016in Earth Science and Remote Sensing No comment

TheGeostationaryOceanColorimager(GOCI)isthefirstgeostationaryoceancolor satellite sensor that collects hourly images eight times per day during daylight. This high fre- quency image acquisition makes it possible to study more detailed dynamics of red tide blooms, sediment plumes, and colored dissolved organic matter plumes, and can aid in the prediction of biophysical phenomena. We apply the red band difference and the fluorescence line height algo- rithms to GOCI imagery to separate waters with high algal and nonalgal particles and validate the results with the MODIS imagery. We also track optical features using hourly GOCI imagery and assess their movement through comparisons with predicted ocean currents derived from the navy coastal ocean model and tidal data.

Related URLs:
http://remotesensing.spiedigitallibrary.org/article.aspx?articleid=2424313

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  • GLASS AIS TransponderGlobal AIS on Space Station (GLASS)
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  • NIH-Osteo
  • Materials Testing: The Evaluation of Gumstix Modules in Low Earth Orbit
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