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http://sfxhosted.exlibrisgroup.com/mayo?sid=OVID:medline&id=pmid:11540698&id=doi:&issn=1077-9248&isbn=&volume=4&issue=2&spage=P51&pages=P51-4&date=1997&title=Journal+of+Gravitational+Physiology%3A+a+Journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Gravitational+Physiology&atitle=Development+of+gravity-sensing+organs+in+altered+gravity+conditions%3A+opposite+conclusions+from+an+amphibian+and+a+molluscan+preparation.&aulast=Wiederhold&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWiederhold+ML%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11540698%3C%2FAN%3E
Research Containing: Ovum
Microgravity effects on sea urchin fertilization and development
Gravity has been a pervasive influence on all living systems and there is convincing evidence to suggest that it alters fertilization and embryogenesis in several developmental systems. Notwithstanding the global importance of gravity on development, it has only been recently possible to begin to design experiments which might directly investigate the specific effects of this vector. The goal of this research program is to explore and understand the effects of gravity on fertilization and early development using sea urchins as a model system. Sea urchin development has several advantages for this project including the feasibility of maintaining and manipulating these cells during spaceflight, the high percentage of normal fertilization and early development, and the abundant knowledge about molecular, biochemical, and cellular events during embryogenesis which permits detailed insights into the mechanism by which gravity might interfere with development. Furthermore, skeletal calcium is deposited into the embryonic spicules within a day of fertilization permitting studies of the effects of gravity on bone calcium deposition.
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http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=11536954
http://sfxhosted.exlibrisgroup.com/mayo?sid=OVID:medline&id=pmid:11536954&id=doi:&issn=0273-1177&isbn=&volume=12&issue=1&spage=167&pages=167-73&date=1992&title=Advances+in+Space+Research&atitle=Microgravity+effects+on+sea+urchin+fertilization+and+development.&aulast=Steffen&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESteffen+S%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11536954%3C%2FAN%3E
Sea urchin fertilization during a KC-135 parabolic flight
For long-term exposure to space it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms for altered physiological functions. We have chosen the sea urchin system to study the effects of microgravity on various cellular processes visible during fertilization and subsequent development. We report here on experiments performed on NASA's KC-135 during parabolic flight trajectories to validate procedures to be implemented as part of the first Aquatic Research Facility Space Shuttle experiment on STS-77.
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http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11543042
http://sfxhosted.exlibrisgroup.com/mayo?sid=OVID:medline&id=pmid:11543042&id=doi:&issn=1077-9248&isbn=&volume=6&issue=1&spage=P91&pages=P91-2&date=1999&title=Journal+of+Gravitational+Physiology%3A+a+Journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Gravitational+Physiology&atitle=Sea+urchin+fertilization+during+a+KC-135+parabolic+flight.&aulast=Schatten&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESchatten+H%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11543042%3C%2FAN%3E
Effects of combined O-G stimulation and hypergravity on eggs of the nematode, Ascaris suum
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http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med1&AN=5064333
http://sfxhosted.exlibrisgroup.com/mayo?sid=OVID:medline&id=pmid:5064333&id=doi:&issn=0001-9402&isbn=&volume=43&issue=6&spage=614&pages=614-9&date=1972&title=Aerospace+Medicine&atitle=Effects+of+combined+O-G+stimulation+and+hypergravity+on+eggs+of+the+nematode%2C+Ascaris+suum.&aulast=Schatz&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESchatz+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E5064333%3C%2FAN%3E
The second generation of the incubator hardware for studying avian embryogenesis under microgravity conditions
This paper describes a technical device, INCUBATOR 1M, which enables incubation of Japanese quail eggs aboard the piloted orbital station.
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http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=11540746
http://sfxhosted.exlibrisgroup.com/mayo?sid=OVID:medline&id=pmid:11540746&id=doi:&issn=0094-5765&isbn=&volume=35&issue=6&spage=421&pages=421-6&date=1995&title=Acta+Astronautica&atitle=The+second+generation+of+the+incubator+hardware+for+studying+avian+embryogenesis+under+microgravity+conditions.&aulast=Sabo&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESabo+V%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11540746%3C%2FAN%3E
Effects of gravity perturbation on developing animal systems
Developing systems provide unique opportunities for analyzing the effects of microgravity on animals. Several unusual types of cells as well as various extraordinary cellular behavior patterns characterize the embryos of most animals. Those features have been exploited as test systems for space flight. The data from previous experiments are reviewed, and considerations for the design of future experiments are presented. [References: 16]
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http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=11537833
http://sfxhosted.exlibrisgroup.com/mayo?sid=OVID:medline&id=pmid:11537833&id=doi:&issn=0273-1177&isbn=&volume=6&issue=12&spage=29&pages=29-36&date=1986&title=Advances+in+Space+Research&atitle=Effects+of+gravity+perturbation+on+developing+animal+systems.&aulast=Malacinski&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMalacinski+GM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11537833%3C%2FAN%3E
Effects of space environment on embryonic growth up to hatching of salamander eggs fertilized and developed during orbital flights
In vertebrates, only few experiments have been performed in microgravity to study the embryonic development from fertilization. To date, these concern only amphibian and fish. We report here a study on the embryonic development of Pleurodeles waltl (urodele amphibian) eggs oviposited in microgravity. The experiment was performed twice on board the Mir space station and the data obtained included video recording and morphological, histological and immunocytological analyses. The data confirm that the microgravity conditions have effects during the embryonic period, particularly during cleavage and neurulation, inducing irregular segmentation and abnormal closure of the neural tube. Moreover, we observed several abnormalities hither to undescribed corresponding to cortical cytoplasm movements, a decrease of cell adhesion and a loss of cells. These abnormalities were temporary and subsequently reversible. The young larvae that hatched during the flight displayed normal morphology and swimming behavior after landing. The results obtained in the urodele Pleurodeles waltl are in accordance with those observed earlier in the anuran Xenopus laevis and in the fish Oryzias latipes.
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http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12101347
http://sfxhosted.exlibrisgroup.com/mayo?sid=OVID:medline&id=pmid:12101347&id=doi:&issn=0914-9201&isbn=&volume=16&issue=1&spage=3&pages=3-11&date=2002&title=Uchu+Seibutsu+Kagaku&atitle=Effects+of+space+environment+on+embryonic+growth+up+to+hatching+of+salamander+eggs+fertilized+and+developed+during+orbital+flights.&aulast=Gualandris-Parisot&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGualandris-Parisot+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12101347%3C%2FAN%3E
Microgravity and hypergravity effects on fertilization of the salamander Pleurodeles waltl (urodele amphibian)
Effects of microgravity (microG) on fertilization were studied in the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl on board the MIR space station. Genetic and cytomorphologic analyses ruled out parthenogenesis or gynogenesis and proved that fertilization did occur in microG. Actual fertilization was demonstrated by the analysis of the distribution of peptidase-1 genes, a polymorphic sex-linked enzyme, in progenies obtained in microG. Further evidence of fertilization was provided by the presence of spermatozoa in the perivitelline space and in the fertilization layer of the microG eggs and by the presence of a female pronucleus and male pronuclei in the egg cytoplasm. Experiments in microG and in 1.4G, 2G, and 3G hypergravity showed for the first time that, compared to eggs in 1G, several characteristics of the fertilization process including the cortical reaction and the microvillus transformations were altered depending on the gravitational force applied to the eggs. Microvillus elevation, the most evident feature, was reduced on microG-eggs and amplified on eggs submitted to 2G and 3G. No lethal consequences of these alterations on the early development of microG-eggs were observed.
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http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10906064
http://sfxhosted.exlibrisgroup.com/mayo?sid=OVID:medline&id=pmid:10906064&id=doi:&issn=0006-3363&isbn=&volume=63&issue=2&spage=551&pages=551-8&date=2000&title=Biology+of+Reproduction&atitle=Microgravity+and+hypergravity+effects+on+fertilization+of+the+salamander+Pleurodeles+waltl+%28urodele+amphibian%29.&aulast=Aimar&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAimar+C%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E10906064%3C%2FAN%3E